Teletypewriting machine



March 12 194 5. o. BLODGETT TELETYPEWRITING MACHINE v F 'iled Oct. 28,1944 11 Sheets-Sheet 1 March 12, 194

E. O. BLODGETT TELETYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed. Oct. 28, 1944 llSheets-Sheet 2 R M K 1 3 mm bk g.

March 12, 1946. E. o. BLODGETT TELETYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Oct. 28,1944 ll Sheets-Sheet 3 March 12, 1946. E. o. BLODGETT 30 TELETYPEWRITINGMACHINE Filed Oct". 28, 1944 ll Sheets-Sheet 4 March 12, 1946. E. o.BLODGETT 7 2,396, 30

TELETYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed- Oct. 28, 1944 ll Sheets-Sheet 5 March 12,1946. E. o. BLODGETT TELETYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed 001:. 28, 1944 llSheets-Sheet 6 NNN 00M March 12, 1946. V E. o. BLODGETT 2,396,230

I TELETYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Oct. 28, 1944 ll Sheets-Sheet 7 March12, 1946. E. o. BLdDGETT TELETYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed 061.. 28, 1944 llSheets-Sheet 8 5 v 3 mw w o: T mow" com mum .QQN. H 0: 9m W @m March 12,1946. E. o. BLODGETT I TELETYPEWRITING MACHINE ll Sheets-sheaf. 9

Filed Oct. 28, 1944 March 12, 1946.

E. o. BLODGETf 2,396,230

TELETYPEWRITING MACHINE ll Sheets-Sheet 10 Filed Oct. 28, 1944 SPACE'gdi' March 12;, 1946.

E. o. BLODGETT TELETYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Oct. 28, 1944 llSheets-Sheet ll INVENTOR n i h closed and open before the individualcontacts are opened. Thus the flow of current in all the individual codecircuits is controlled only by these common contacts, and in order toincrease the life and'the reliability of these contacts individual shuntresistors are placed in multiple with each of the common contacts sothat the total load is distributed between the several common contacts.

Still other objects of the present invention will be pointed out in thefollowing description and claims and illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings which disclosed, by way of example, the principle of theinvention and the best mode which has been contemplated of applying thatprinciple.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side sectional view of one form teletypewriting machineembodying the present invention, wherein certain conventional parts ofthe machine have been omitted in order to more clearly show the novelfeatures thereof.

Fig. 2 is a partial front vertical sectional view showing certain partsof the code selecting mechanism of the machine shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an inverted plan view of the front portion of the machine.

Fig. 4 is a greatly enlarged side sectional view of'a portion of thecode selecting mechanism.

Fig. 5 is a front sectional view of certain parts of the mechanism shownin Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged side sectional view of a portion of the characterselecting mechanism.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged horizontal sectional view of the end portions onlyof the character selecting mechanism.

Fig. 8 is a greatly enlarged side sectional view of a portion of thecharacter selecting mechamsm.

the detailed construction of some of these well known parts has not beenshownin the drawings. For example, the illustrated type basket assemblyis substantially the same as that used in the Royal portable typewriter,and. this assembly includes a slotted segment which may be rigidlymounted between the side plates 22 and 23 or shiftably mounted in theusual manner depending on whether or not case shift is employed. Theillustrated type bar 26 represents one of a full complement of such typebars mounted in the segment 25 to turn about a fulcrum wire 27, and inthe present form of the machine there are forty-six of these type barsemployed.

A depending arm of each type bar is connected by a pull wire 28 to theupper end of an associated sub-lever 29 pivotally mounted on a fulcrumwire 30 in a slotted cross member 3!. The lower end of each sub-lever 29is pivotally connected at 32 to a rearwardly extending pull link 33. andall of the pivots 32and pull links 33 are disposed in a commonhorizontal plane. The sublevers 29 progressively increase in length fromthe center toward the sides of the machine in accordance with the usualarrangement, and in order that all of the pivots 32 may lie in a com- Imon horizontal plane, a curved fulcrum wire 3t is employed whereby thepivot points are so positioned between the upper and lower ends of eachsub-lever that the same rearward movement of each pull link 33 willcause a uniform extent of movement of the associated type bar regardlessof the length of the sub-lever.

The rearward ends of the pull links 33 are retained in spaced parallelrelation by a guide comb member 3 3 extending transversely on thismachine and mounted at its opposite ends at 35 to Fig. 9 is an enlargedrear sectional view to the left-hand portion of the machine showing thecharacter selecting magnets and certain associated parts.

Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 9 except showing the right-handportion of the mechanism.

Fig. 11 is an enlarged side sectional view of the automatic windingmechanism.

Fig. 12 is a horizontal section taken on line i2i2 of Fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic view showing one arrangement of the codeselecting members.

Fig. 14 is a similar view showing 2. corresponding arrangement of thecharacter selector members.

Fig. 15 is a schematic wiring diagram showing one simple method ofelectrically connecting two machines.

All of the parts of the machine shown in the accompanying drawings arehoused within an exterior frame which may be similar in design to theconventional form of typewriting machines. This exterior frame includesa main frame 20 consisting of right and left side walls and front andrear end walls, the top of the main frame being partially enclosedby aremovable top cover 2|. An inner frame or chassis is suitably mountedwithin the exterior frame, and substantially all the parts of thepresent machine are mounted within this chassis. The chassis includesleft and right side plates 22 and 23 rigidly inter-connected by variouscross members as in the usual typewriter construction.

Typewriting mechanism the side plate 22 and in a similar manner to theside plate 23. A spring 3% connected to each pull link 33 serves toreturn the entire type action to normal position against a suitable stopwhich may be the usual type bar rest disposed beneath the heads of allof the type bars 25. The lower ends of all of the springs are connectedto a transverse stationary member 3?.

Other parts of the printing mechanism may be of the usual construction,such as the ribbon mechanism which is partially shown in Fig. 1.

as including a housing 38 for a ribbon-spool 39 mounted on a verticalshaft 30 which is turned in the usual manner by a transverse ribbon feedshaft cl.

When it is desired to print in page form by vertically spaced lines theusual platen carriage arrangement is employed. A. platen is illustratedat $5 in Fig. 1, and it is to be understood that this platen is to bemounted in the usual manner on a carriage to move transversely of themachine for character spacing and to rotate for line spacing. Thedetails of the carriage construction have not been shown, but may be ofany suitable design arranged to be moved from right to left by asuitable spring drum under control of the usual escapement mechanism.Either the usual manual or power mechanism may be provided for returningthe carriage and rotating the platen for line spacing. If it is desiredto print on continuous narrow tape, a smaller platen may be employed toturn about a substantially vertically disclosed axis to feed the tapepast the printing point.

Code forming mechanism In the present machine there are no mechanicalconnections between the key levers and the ascaeso 3 type bars, but theoperation of a key lever sets up a distinctive code in the form ofelectrical impulses which causes the selection and operation of thecorresponding type bar at the same machine as well as at one or moreother machines electrically connected therewith. V

A standard, four-bank keyboard is illustrated by keys 50 each mounted ona vertically moving member or lever 5|. All of the levers'5l areidentical in shape except for the upward extension which mounts the keysin separate banks. Each lever 5| is mounted. by parallel links 52 and 53pivotally connected thereto at 54 and 55. The rearward ends of the links52 and 58 are mounted to turn about respective stationary cross rods 56and 51, and are spaced along these rods by a transverse member 58 havingportions causes a different combination of movements of the code-forming'bars than is caused 'by the depression of any other key lever.

A particular feature of this arrangement of the code-forming bars]!operated directly by the key levers is that more than one lever cannotbe eilectively depressed at the same time. Inotber words, eachcode-forming bar is provided with a locking portion 88 between theinclinededge portion 85 and the opening 86, and as may beseen in Fig.13, a locking portion 88 is provided between adjacent openings. Theseportions 88 and 88 are positioned beneath the lower edges of thenon-operated key levers when the code forming bars are movedlongitudinally by a depressed key lever to prevent eifective downwardmovement of these non-operating key levers; Likewise. if a slotted andformed around the rods between the various arms 52 and 53.

The rearward ends of. levers 5| are retained to spaced parallel relationby aguide comb formed at the lower end of a front plate 59 to receivethe upper link 52. A spring 60, extending between each key lever 5i anda depending arm on the associated upper link 52. operated to return thekey lever mechanism to normal posi-, tion. This normal position isdetermined by the engagement at the upper edges of links 52 with atransverse pad 6| carried by plate 59. A space bar 55 extends betweentwo arms 66 which are similar in shape and mounting to the levers 5i andthese space bar arms are disposed outside the set of character keylevers.

A horizontal portion ill is provided at the lower front part of each ofthe key levers 5| as well as one of the 'two members at carrying thespace bar as. These portions 10 are all identical in size and shape andall cooperate with a plurality of code-forming bars E2. The bars 12 aremounted for transverse sliding movement by screws it threaded into theupturned front edge portion of a cross member 15. The cross memkey leveris operated into an opening 88 in acode forming bar, the walls oftheopening will tioned by a depression of any one of the key levers,function collectively to prevent effective operation of all of the otherkey levers.

The operation of any one of the key levers moves at least one of thecode-forming bars it from right to left as viewed from the front of themachine as in Figs. 2, 3, and 13, or from left to right as viewed fromthe rear of the machine as in Fig. 5. Each of the several codeformingbars "is provided with a depending bifurcated portion 90 as shown inFigs. 2 and 5, and these portions are differently positionedtransversely of the machine on different bars. Each depending portion 90straddles an insulating block at the front end of a resilient contactfinger 9|. This contact finger 9| may be ten-'- ber l5 is mounted at itsopposite ends at it to th side plates 22 and23, and the vertical portionof the cross member is slotted to form a guide comb for the front end ofkey levers 5|. The stem portions of screws 74 pass through horizontalslots in bars 12 so that each'bar may be independently and easily movedtransversely at this machine. The codeforming bars ll may be separatedslightly by thin spacing washers it tact point with a contact point on aresilient finger 98, but normally there is no electrical connectionbetween the fingers 5| and 93.

also mounted on the stem portions of screws it.

The arrangement of this code forming mechani'sm is shown more clearly inFigs. 4 and 5 wherein it will be noticed that the portion of each barwhich lies directly underneath each operating portion iii of the keylever, is either provided with an inclined edge portion 85 or an.opening The lower edge of the key lever operating portion it may beslightly rounded as shown in Fig. 5 so that when a key lever is depressed, this rounded edge either engages a sloping edge surface tocause a slight trmsverse movement of a code-forming bar it, or therounded. edge portion moves downwardly in an opening and does not causemovement of? the her. it will be noted that the inclination oi the edgeas terminates short of the complete movement of thekey lever andaccordingly the bars are operated the same distance regardless ofvariation in the stroke of the key levers.

typical arrangement of the portions or and to for each of the sixcode-forming bars is shown The rigid arm 92 thus forms a stopdetermining the normal right-hand position of the code-forming bars 72,and the arm 92 may be bent with a suitable instrument for adjusting thisnormal position. A rigid stop'arm 94 is mounted adjacent to each of thecontact fingers 93 to be engaged by the finger t3 and thereby determinesthe normal separation between the contact points of fingers 9| and at.The arm at may likewise be bent with a suitable instrument to adjustthis contact point separation in accordance with the adjustment of thenormal position of the associated code-forming bar obtained by bendingarm at. It is believed that the resilient members ti, may be providedwith sumcient tension to reliably return the relatively light and easilymoved codeiorming bars; but, if desired, auxiliary returning springs maybe provided; a

The contact members 9i, a2, as, and are mounted in the usual manner byscrews to and insulating strips to to form individual'groups. Each ofthese groups is mounted on respective downwardly extending lugs 97formed on the cross members '95. There is a group of these contacts inFig. 13. These "cars are so arranged in each instance that .a depressionof any key lever for each of the code-forming bars l2, and the groupsare spaced transversely and slightly odset rearwardly so that eachinsulating block at 4 asoaaso the front end of the arm BI is disposeddirectly beneath the associated bar as shown in Fig. 3.

In addition to operating the code-forming bar 12, each of the key leversand the space bar operate' a universal member. This universal member isformed by a transverse plate I pivotally mounted at IOI between theside. plates 22 and 23, and the front end of the plate is slotted toform individual fingers disposed beneath the key levers and space barlever. The universal member is arranged to operate one or more sets ofcontacts, such as the two sets of contacts I03 shown in Fig. 3 and Fig.5. A bifurcated member I04 is secured to the right-hand end portion ofthe universal member I00 to form two downwardly extending fingers. Eachof these fingers is positioned above an insulating block at the frontend of a resilient contact finger I05 which carries a contact pointoperatable into engagement with a contact point on a lower contactfinger I06. These contact fingers are mounted in insulated relation onthe upper surface of cross member I5. The universal member IE0 isengaged and operated by a depression of any one of the key levers, andthe bifurcated member I0 3 ,is so arranged that its fingers engage andoperate contact fingers Hi5 into circuit closing relation with contactsit.

In operating any one of the key levers, it will be clear that one ormore of the code-forming contacts tI-tt are closed and the commoncontacts IGE-IBB are also closed, but in the present arrangement thefingers of the member I86 are So adjusted that the longitudinal movementof the slide 12 will close contact @I-tt before the universal membercloses contacts tilt-I88, and when the key lever is being returned,contacts 9 I---% remain closed until after contacts ltd-4 t6 are opened.This is illustrated by the dotted line position of the various partsillustrated in Fig. 5

wherein it will be noted that when a key lever is It5Iil6. In returningto normal position, the' fingers Illl will obviously allow contactsI@5--I6 to open before contacts tfl-ti open.

Code translating mechanism The contacts operated by the code-formingbars I2 control electromagnets of code translating mechanism in the samemachine as well as like mechanism in one or more other machines. In thistranslating mechanism, there is one electromagnet for each group ofcontacts operated'by the bars I2. Referring to Fig. 3, it will be seenthat in the form shown, there are six code-forming bars, six groups ofcontacts, and six electromagnets; each of the groups of contacts andeach of the electromagnets being identical in construction to theothers;

The electromagnets are all mounted in transverse spacedrelation beneatha cross member I In of suitable magnetic material secured at I II at itsopposite ends to the side plates 22 and'23. Referring to Figs. 1, 9, and10, it will be seen that each electromagnet includes a winding H2 arounda magnetic core H3 which has a reduced diameter rearward end extendingthrough an associated downwardly bent portion Ill of cross member IIO.This winding and core are secured to the portion I It by a nut I I 5 sothat a U-shaped magnetic circuit is formed by the core H3, 9. d wnturnedportion H4, and a section of the cross member H0; the cross member III]being common to the magnetic circuits of all of the electromagnets. Allof the electromagnets are arranged to form the same magnetic pole at thefree ends of their cores H3 when current in the normal direction flowsin their windings H2.

A tractive type armature H8 is mounted to operate toward the free end ofcore H3 of eacl: of the electromagnets, and the armature is pivotallymounted by spaced upstanding ear portions which receive cone-shaped endsof trunnion screws H9. The screws H9 are locked in adjusted position bynuts I20 on a bracket I2I which is adjustably mounted by screws I22 onthe upper surface of the cross member Hill. An armature biasing springI24 extends between 9. lug at the lower portion of each armature H8 anda bendable extension I25 formed on bracket I2I. This spring normallyholds the armature against a stop arm I26 which is also a bendableextension of bracket I2I. The members I25 and I28 are bendable with asuitable tool to adjust the position and operating characteristics ofarmature I I8, and a fixed residual pin or stop I21 is shown on armatureI It to limit its operated or attracted position.

Each armature controls a permutation or selecting bar I30, there beingsix of such bars all mounted transversely of the machine beneath thepull links 33. As shown in Figs. 6, 9, and 10, these selecting bars aremounted for individual end-wise movements by screws IiiI having rollersI32 which are engaged by the upper wall of slots in bars I30 to affordfree longitudinal movement of each bar. The screws I3I are threaded intoupstanding lugs I83 on cross member HS. and the bars I38 may beseparated slightly by thin facing washers I34.

Means are provided for individually moving each of the bars I30 to theleft from their normal position as viewed from the front of the machine,or to the right from normal position as viewed from the rear as in Figs.9 and 10. A latch member I38 co-acts with a stop member Mt to normallyhold each selecting bar in normal position. Each latch member I38 ispivotally connected at MI to 2. depending lug on the associated bar I30,and the free end of the latch member I353 has a downward projectionnormally engaged in a lower notch on the stop member I63. A spring Hi3extends between each latch I38 and a pin IN on the magnet support HG.This spring resiliently holds the latch in the normal position, and whenthe freeend of the latch is moved upwardly the spring acts to draw thelatch member and the associated bar I36 to the right as viewed in Figs.9 and 10.

This movement of the latch member and the selecting bar is limited bythe engagement of the downward projection of latch member I38 with asecond or upper notch in the stop members Mil. Each of the stop membersI48 adjustably mounted on the associated depen portion H4 by aneccentric member I46 which is locked in adjusted position by a screwthreaded into the member H4. A portion of the stop member MO- extendsbeneath the nut H5 on the magnet core and is thereby securely clamped inadjusted position.

The movement of each of the selecting bars I33 from normal positionunder the force of spring I48 is initiated by an operation of the links33 and their type bars are not distributed associated armature H8. Forthis purpose, a rigid arm I50 is provided on the right-hand side of eacharmature iitas shown in Fig. 1, and a laterally-flexible arm IN isrigidly attached .to thisarm; The rearward end of arm I! is disposedbeneath the nose of the latch member lit so that attraction of armatureH8 due to energization of the associated winding Hz causes the end ofarm i5i to lift latch member i323 upwardlyagainst the slight downwardforce of the associated spring 3. This allows spring ltd to move theassociated bar i3!) until the end of the latch member engages the upperor sec ond notch in stop member till. I

Each armature is adjusted to operate the end of arm, ran a distanceslightly greater than required to lift the latch out of the lower notch.

Thus when the latch is released, the nose ofthe,

latch passes to the right of the arm IN, and the arm moves upwardly pastthe end of the latch nose. if for any reason the magnet remainsenergized for an undue length of time as would be caused by holding akey depressed.

the selecting bar and latch may be returned to normal position with thearm it! in this raised position. In this instance, thelaterally-flexible arm ifii will be bent to the left by the end of latchits as shown at the extreme right in Fig. 10. The latch is thus allowedto move. into the lower notch even though the arm. IBI is raised, andwhen the magnet is deenergized, the end of arm i5i will move downwardand to the right to its normal position beneath the latch nose. In thismanner, unintentional repeat operation is prevented in the event a'key.is held in its depressed position.

The uppermost portion of all of the selectin bars i ill just clear thelower edges of pull links it, and the upper portion of these bars areprovided with notches and teeth so that there is either an opening or atooth disposed directly beneath each pull link. These notches and teethare arranged'as shown in Fig. 14 so that when the barsiit are operatedin a particular combination, a notch on every bar will be disposedbeneath only one pull link, and a tooth 1 on at least one 'bar will bedisposed beneath all of the other pull links. Each group of contacts ofthe. code-selecting mechanism is electrically connected to control theassociated electromagnet oi the translating mechanism, as will be laterdescribed, and accordingly each codeiorming bar it operated by adepression of a key lever causes an operation of the associatedtranslating bar its in the same machine as well as in one or more othermachines. Thus, any combination of movements of the code forming bareit, caused by depression of a particular key lever, results in the samecombination of movements of the translating bars lit; and therebyselects a pull link 323 corresponding to the depressed irey lever.

in the manner ordinarily required by a standard typewriter keyboardarrangement.

In a typewriting machine employing the individual type bars, it is wellknown that two ad- 'jacent type bars cannot be operated as rapidly insequence as two type bars which are disposed in space relationship inthe type basket. This is due to the converging angles of movement of thetype bars which cause adjacent type bars to interfere at a point nearertheir normal. position than two separated type bars. However, in theusual typewriter certain letter combinations often used in sequence inrapid operation are disposed on adjacent type bars, because they are soarranged in the standard keyboard. This is one factor limiting themaximum speed of operation of ordinary typewriting machines, and thearrangement of characters shown in Fig. 14 is provided to improve thiscondition. For example, it will be noticed that the letters 12" and Darelocated. on adjacent key levers in Fig. 1d, and in the usualtypewriter the type bars bearing these letters are located adjacent toeach it will be noticed that the letters E and 13" in Fig. is. a seriesof key levers ti are diagrammatically indicated in spaced horizontalrelation, and the characters assigned thereto are indicated above eachkey lever. This distribution of characters is necessitated by thearrangement oi the standardtyoewriter keyboard.

in his. is, a series of pull lirks it is shown in 1 a similar manner,and the character on the type bar associated therewith'is-shown aboveeach of these pull linlrs- However. the distribution of characters inField does not correspond to the distribution of characters in Fig. 13,or in'other words, the characters associated with the pull are on typebars which are separatedby six other i type bars thereby increasing thespeed at which these two type bars may be operated in sequence. Otherletter combinations often used in sequence in rapid'operation arelikewise separated in Fig. 14. This has been accomplished bydistributing the numerals and punctuation marks between the letters aswell as by selecting the letter combinations most often used in rapidoperation and deliberately separating these letters in the arrangementof type bars.

A scientific arrangement of the characters in the type basket such asshown in Fig. 14 is permitted due to the fact that there is nomechanical connection between the key lever and the type bar in thepresent machine, so that the standard typewriter keyboard has norelation and no limiting influence on the distribution oi characters inthe type baskets. It is to be understood that the example shown in Fig.15 is not the only arrangement for producing this improved result. andit is not necessarily the best arrangement which may be obtained. It is.however, at least one arrangement which reduced the possibility 0i,collision oi type bars during extremely rapid operation'as compared withthe arrangement or characters on the type bars of the usual typewritinsmachines.

Gpcraiiny mechanism ent invention, which operates to first allow all ofthe pull links ti to move into selective cooperation with the selectingbars its, and this rotating member then causes longitudinal movement ofone of the pull. links is which is selected by the barsto causeoperation of the associated type bar and print the selected character.During this longitudinal movement of the pull linlr, all of the selectorbars use, which had been released, are returned to their normal positionby an arrangement operated by therotating member.

Referring particularly to Figs. 6 and "I, this rotating member is in theform oi a metal cylinder or roll ltd havinga plurality of evenly spacedlongitudinal grooves, there being five oi such grooves in thetormshown.Each oi these ionsitudinal grooves iii-roll its is cut therein to theshape shown in Figs. 6 and 8 to provide an operating surface IBI and aninclined surface I62. The peripheral portions between these grooves areconcentric with the axis of the roll. These longitudinal grooves may beout throughout the entireslength of the cylinder which forms roll I58,and in order to reduce the weight of this part, annular groove 653' maybe cut therein at points between the horizontally spaced pull links 33.

The right hand end of roll I60 is provided with an end member I55attached thereto by screws IE which member is provided with a ball racereceiving anti-friction balls It? which also engage a stationary conemember 125% threaded through side plate 23 and locked in adjustedposition by a nut I69. The left-hand end of roll 58d is likewiseprovided with an and member Ild secured thereto by screws III. This andmember Iii? is mounted to turn about a shaft are by an anti-frictionball bearing arrangement H6. The left-hand end of shaft H8 is providedwith an internal ball bearing whereby it is mounted to turn about afixed cone IIt threaded through side plate 22 and locked in position bynut Ill. The shaft Ilii extends through the hollow center of roll I60,and the right hand end thereof is member I55. The roll I56 is thusmounted between the side plates for turning movement relative to shaftI173 with a minimum of friction.

An operating means in the form of a spring motor is mounted betweenshaft I'Iii and the interior walls of roll Itfi. This spring motor maybe of any suitable construction, the forms shown being twoconcentrically wound springs I89 and I8I, the smaller diameter springIdd being disposed within the larger spring IdI. The two springs I80 andIBI are connected in series by suitably joining their right hand ends,while the left-hand end of the inner spring I80 is connected to theshaft I13 and the left-hand end of the outer spring I8I is connected toroll I50. The end of spring I80 is shown as bent inwardly to enter adepression in shaft I73, and the end of spring I8! is bent outwardly tolikewise enter a depression in the interior ofroll I66. This springmotor is tensioned by turning shaft I73 in a counterclockwise directionas. viewed in Fig. 6 to exert a force tending to turn roll I60 in acounterclockwise direction. The means for turning shaft I73 to supplythis tension will be later described.

The roll I 6!! is normally held by an escapement mechanism againstrotation by the spring motor. This escapement mechanism includes a fivetooth wheel I85 on the right-hand member I65, and one tooth of thiswheel normally engages an escapement dog I88 carried by a rocker memberI81. The rocker I81 is pivotally mounted to turn about a vertical axisby a conical pin I88 secured to a bracket I89 and the conical end of ascrew I90 also-carried by bracket I89. The bracket I89 is mounted byscrews IBI on side plate 28, and this mounting may be arranged to afiordslight adjustment of bracket I89 about the axis of roll I60. The teethof the escapement wheel I85 are spaced corresponding to the five groovesin roll I60.

Referring to'Figs. 6 and 8, it will be seen that the extreme rearwardend of each of the pull links 33 is provided with a depending tooth I95which is normally held by the force of the associated spring 36 intoengagement with the outer peripheral portion of roll Ito when theroll isheld in normal position by the escapement mechanism. The lower edges ofall of the pull links 33 are spaced slightly above the upper edges ofselector bars I30 in this normal position and accordingly the bars arefree to be moved by their associated springs M3. This movement of theselecting bars has been described as being initiated by energization ofone or more of the electromagnets to cause attraction of their armountedby anti-friction bearing balls Ila in end matures and release thecorresponding selector bars.

-In the present arrangement, an operation of one or more of the bars I30operates mechanism to turn the escapement rocker I8? and move do I38 outof the path of the engaged tooth of the escapement wheel I85. Thispermits one-fifth of a revolution of roll 56d under the force of thespring motor. Referring to Fig. 9, it will be seen that the mechanismfor moving rocker Isl by movement of the selector bars I36} includes apivoted universal bar 2%, the upper portion of which is slotted toformindividually bendable fingers cooperating with depending portions onthe selector bars I38. An ear portion 262 and an upstanding arm portion263 are bent over at the bottom of the universal bar 286, and a pivotscrew 2% extends through openings in these portions to mount theuniversal bar for free pivotal movement. The pivot screw 2643 may bethreaded into the depending left hand side portion of cross member IIIl.A horizontallink 2% is pivotally connected at its right-hand end at 201to the upper end of arm- 203, and the left hand end of link 266 isthreaded into an elongated nut 268 which is locked inadjusted positionthereon by nuts 209. The smaller diameter portion of nut 208 is receivedin an opening in a forwardly extending arm 2III on the escapement rockerI81.

It will now be clea that whenever one or more of the selector bars Ituare moved to-the right as viewed in Fig. 9 under the force of theirsprings I53, the universal bar 206 will be rocked in a clockwisedirection, and thereby move the escapement rocker I8? through link 206.This moves the escapement rocke IB'I in a clockwise direction as viewedin Fig.7 to move dog I86 out of the path of a tooth of the escapementwheel I85 and thereby allow rotation of roll I60 under the force of thespring motor.

During one cycle or one-fifth of a revolution of the roll I60, one ofthe pull links 33 is selected and operated to cause printing operationof the associated type action, and a detailed description of this cycleof operation will now be made with reference to Fig. 8. In Fig. 8, thenormal position of the various parts are shown in solid lines, andcertain instantaneous positions which the parts assume during a cycle ofoperation are represented by dotted lines. Radial lines are employed torepresent various angular positions of the rotating parts, and theseradial lines are provided with reference letters corresponding to thereference letters applied to the corresponding dotted line positions ofparts operated by roll I60.

In the normal position N of roll I60, the lower end of the hook portionI of all of the pull links 33 engage the outer concentric surface of theroll at a point near one of the grooves. Consequently when the roll hasturned in a counter clockwise direction only a short distance to angularposition A, the hook portions I95 of the links are disposed above thisgroove in the roll. The springs 36 then act to move the front end of alldisposed beneath its lower edge.

or the pull links 33 downwardly into cooperative relations withtheselector bars I30. At any combination of positions of the selectorbars I 30,- a

. to its dotted line position A while all of the other linkswill movedownwardly only to position X wherein they engage the upper surface of atooth on at least one of the selector bars I30.

During the continued movement of the roll in a counter clockwisedirection, the selected pull link, which has moved into a groove oi theroll, is pulled forwardly by the surface it to cause a printingoperation of its associated type action. In order to remove the hookportion 8950f the selected pull link from" the groove, a dependingportion did is provided on each or the pull links.

As the pull link approaches the end of its forward movement, thedepending portion 2115 engases the outer concentric surface of roll lotto cause the pull link to be lifted upwardly as shown at position Buntil the hooked portion W is lifted from the groove. An inclinedportion E62 of the roll then engages the rounded lower end of the hookportion I95 to cam the pull link upwardly as the momentum of the typebar moves it forwardly until the link assumes its position shown at C.Printing operation of the type action is then completed, and thereturning spring 38 then acts to return the type action and the pulllink to normal position. During this return movement, the rounded l'mverend or'the hook portion 095 slides rearwardly over the concentric outersurface of roll it. The inclined portion W2 also functions during theinitial portion of the operating movement of roll, itd to provide theslight lilting movement required to return the non-selected pull linksfrom position X to their normal position In order to return the selectorbars tilt and the escapement mechanism to their normal positions, a cammember 2 it is formed on the outer rim oi the roll end member ith. Thiscam member did is provided with five equally-spaced cammins' portions Mewhich coact with the end of an arm 22% on the escapemen't rocker Whenthe roll is released by operation of the escapement, the end of arm 2%moves inwardly between the cammine portion its, to its dotted positionshown in Fig. 8, and it will he noted that a camportion ltd travels overthe concentric outer surface of roll 8%. The selector bars ass may, atthis point, he returned to their normal position without interferingwith the elevated pull Tim M, and a camming portion 269 then acts onlever fifid'to move it outwardly from roll ltd thereby turning theescapement rocker Hit" in a counter-clockwise direction as viewed inFig. 7.

This movement of the escapement rocker acts through link 2136 and theuniversal her too to return all or the selector bars slightly beyondtheir normal position. At the same time, the dog I86 of the escapementrocker is moved into the path of an approaching tooth of escapementwheel 2| 8 so that the'turning movement of roll IE0 is arrested after ithas made one-fifth of arevolution. After the camming portion 2l8 passesthe end of arm 220 and reaches position C, the arm 220 of the escapementrocker is free to move inwardly towards the roll, but after it has movedinwardly only a slight distance, a latch movement I38 on each of theselector bars engages the lower notch on the associated stop. memberill) to hold each of the selector bars in movement of the selected pulllink 33, or in other words the returning movement of the selector baroccurs before the pull link reaches its forwardmost position C. Afterthe roll ltd has reached its angular position C, it will be clear thatan energization of one oi the electroma nets will then be effective toafford movements of its associated selector bar by operating latch arethereby initiating a subsequent selecting operation at this point. Inother words, when the parts have reached position C, a subsequentselecting operation may be startecland executed during the returnmovement of the selected pull link from position C to its normalposition, dur= ing which time the roll I60 has completed its cycle ofmovements from position C.

Thus it will be clear that the returning movemerit of the selectormechanism is effected during the forward movement 01 the type action sothat at the end of the printing operation a subsequent selection may bestarted to allow the selection to be made while the parts whichoperfollow immediately. Accordingly, it may be said Automatic powersioring mechanism An electric motor is provided for storing power in thespring motor in the present machine, and means are provided forautomatically controlling the application of power to this spring:motor. This arrangement includes mechanism for starting the electricmotor after a certain amount oi power has been removed from the springmotor and for stopping the electric motor when a predetermined amount ofpower has been stored in the spring motor.

Referring to Figs. 1, 7, ll, and i2, it may be seen that a scar wheelthe is securely attached to the extending end of the shaft tit whichextends through the center of the spring motor. line near 2363 is drivenby asear 235, which maygfbe oi a suitable non-metallic substance toreduce noise; and the sear 'iti is in turn driven by a pinion near 232.The pinion gear Edi is secured to a shaft 233 of an electric motor 2%which may he oi any suitable construction either with thearmaturemounted' on shaft 23% or it may be found desirable to employ amotor havingspeed reducing mechanisms. The shalt Nd and gear 2% aredriven in a counter-clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 11 to wind thespring motor Q including springs itt and lti, and this requires theintermediate or idler gear 2st to turn in a clockwise direction.

In order to prevent the escape of the power stored in the spring motorwhen the electric motor is deenergized, an arrangement is provided forpreventing gear 23! from turning in a counter-cl ckwise direction thuspermitting free movement in a clockwise direction. Referring to Figs. 11and 12, the gear 236 is securely attached around a metal ring 238, androllers 239 are provided between the inner surface of ring 238 and thehub portion of a stationary member 22E! secured to side plate 22 by abolt 243i and nut 2 32. Radially extending arms 225 are provided on thestationary member 229, and a spring 2% is provided between each of thesearms and the associated one of the rollers 235. When the gear 238 isturned in a clockwise direction, the rollers turn between the ring andthe concentric hub portion of the stationary member 2 52, but when aforce is applied tending to turn gear 23i in a counter-clockwisedirection, the springs 2% force the rollers into engagement with theinclined surfaces of the radial arms 263 so that the rollers wedgebetween the interior surface of ring 238 and these inclined surfaces tosecurely block any counter-clockwise rotation of gear 23E This means forpreventing counter-clockwise rotation of gear 23! acts through gear 238to prevent clockwise rotation of shaft I13 so that the spring motorreacts against this gear 23! in driving roll I62.

The automatic control of the electric motor 235 is effected through twoindependently operable Geneva-wheel mechanisms which jointly control acontact operating device. One of these Geneva-wheel mechanisms isoperated by roll ifili to cause the contact to be closed after apredetermined number of printing operations, and the other Geneva-wheelmechanism is controlled by rotation of shaft I13 to cause the contact tobe opened after the electric motor has turned the shaft through apredetermined number of revolutions. One of these Geneva-wheelmechanisms includes a single tooth Geneva pinion 250 formed on the endmember H of roll I65, and pinion 250 cooperates with a Geneva wheel 25!.The other Geneva-wheel mechanism is very similar and comprises a singletooth Geneva pinion 25% mounted on shaft E13 to cooperate with a Genevawheel 255. The Geneva wheels 25! and 255 are mounted on respective hubs255 and 251 which are mounted to turn independently about a pivot screw258 secured to sideplate 22.

A spindle 262 is rotatively mounted between the sideplate 22 and abracket 26E secured at 282 .to the sideplate. This spindle carries asprocket wheel 265 having six teeth, three of which are offset in onedirection to move in a path adjacent one of the Geneva wheels, and theother three teeth interspaced therewith are offset in the otherdirection to move in a path adjacent the other Geneva wheel. A pin 261on Geneva wheel 25I cooperates with only three of the teeth of thesprocket wheel 2G5, and a'pin 288 on Geneva wheel 265 cooperates onlywith the other three teeth of the sprocket wheel. A contact operatingearn 210 is also attached to the spindle 260, and the cam cooperateswith an insulated block at the end of a moveable contact 212 which ismoveable into and out of electrical contact with a stationary contactmember 213. The contacts 212 and 213 are mounted by screws 214 in I thesixtieth character has been printed, the moinsulated relation on adepending portion of bracket 26E.

It will be clear that each Geneva wheel will be indexed one tooth spaceat the end of one complete revolution of the associated pinion, and thepresent form of Geneva wheel is illustrated as having twelve teeth sothat twelve revolutions of either the roll Mill or the shaft H3 isrequired to make one complete revolution of the associated Geneva wheel.Both of the Geneva Wheels 250 and 255 are shown in a position whereinthe spring motor is completely wound and contacts 212213 are open. Thus;after the roll ifid has completed twelve revolutions to type sixtycharacters, the Geneva wheel 25! will have turned one completerevolution in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 11. During theprinting of the sixtieth character, or the last one-fifth revolution ofdrum 556, the pin 261' will engage and operate a tooth of sprocket wheel265. This operation of the sprocket wheel will turn the cam wheel 210 ina counter-clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 11 to bring a highportion of the cam wheel into engagement with the insulated block oncontact 212, thereby moving contact 212 into engagement with contact213. The contacts 212213 are arranged to control the energization I ofthe electric motor 235, and accordingly after tor is energized to startto wind the spring motor through gears 232, 23 l, and 230.

A detent means is provided to hold the sprocket wheel 265 in its lastoperated position, and to insure that it is fully operated to suchposition. For this purpose, a roller 2% is mounted on an arm 22! whichis pivoted at 282 t the sideplate 22. A spring 286, extending betweenthe bracket 2M and arm 28L holds the roller 28!! in an interdental spaceof sprocket wheel 255 to thereby hold the sprocket wheel in its operatedposition, and this arrangement also provides a quick action of the wheelto its fully operated position.

When contacts 212- 213 have been closed as previously described, themotor causes shaft M3 to be turned throughout twelve revolutions,thereby causing the Geneva wheel 255 to make one complete revolution. Atthe end of this 1 revolution of Geneva wheel 255, the pin 258 engagesand operates a tooth of sprocket wheel 265 thereby causing cam wheel 210to move to a position wherein the abrupt edge of its cam surface passesthe edge of the insulating block of contact 212 to allow contacts212-213 to abruptly open. Thus, the opening of contacts 222-213deenergizes motor 235 after the spring motor has been completely wound.

The rotation of roll I60 may of course continue in the operation of-themachine for the typing of characters during the winding of the springmotor, and it is preferable that the electric motor should developsufilcient speed to rotate shaft H3 at a speed greater than can beassumed by roll it during operation of the machine. The electric motor235 may be continuously connected to its source of power, and it will beclear that the winding of the spring motor is entirely automatic andrequires no attention whatsoever from the operator.

Remote control It has been described that in the present machine, theman'ual operation of the key levers operates code forming members whichcontrol contacts electrically connected in the same machine to controlselector magnets which cause printing of the selected character at thesame machine, without any mechanical operating connections between thekey levers and the printing mechanism. From this it will be obvious thatthe code forming .contacts may be connected into electrical circuits forcontrolling the energization oi the selector magnets at one or moreother machines of the same kind, to thereby cause slmultaneous printingat several machines by the operation of the keyboard at only onemachine. Various means for electrically connecting two or more machinesof the type described may vbe employed, and in Fig. a very simple methodof electrically connecting two machines has been shown diagrammaticallyas including six individual wires plus a common wire for connecting.

the six electromasnets ill of two machines in parallel. The power foroperating this system may be obtained from the usual alternating cur-,rent source through a line plug 280 whereby the electric motor 235 maybe automatically. conopen. thereby relieving the individual contacts ofthe damaging iunction or opening or closing the circuit while current isflowing. This feature concentrates the entire contact wear on the twosets of common contacts, and the arrangement of the reference letters Athrough F for intercom,

necting one side of the winding oi the six electromagnets N2 of onemachine with the correspondnected to ,this source through contacts212-413.

A transformer T and full-wave rectifier R is shown for supplying directcurrent from this a1- ternating current source, and a set of contacts29l-29i is provided to connect the primary of transformer T to thealternating current source when it is desired to operate the system fromthe keyboard of that machine.

Referring to Fig. 1, the moveable contact '29l may be operated by avertical slide 283 mounted,

, electromagnets at the other machine.

when a key lever at one machine is operated to mg side of theelectromagnets N2 of the second machine, and the common wire 300connects the other side of all of the electromagnets at one machine tothe corresponding side of all of the T close certain of the code-tormi gcontacts and the common contacts, current ows through the electromagnetat the same machine as well as the corresponding electromagnet at theother ma chine, the return path for the current being over on screws 294adjacent the side plate 22, and the upper end ofv slide 293 carries apin 295 ccoperating with a detented cam 296 having a forward extendingportion of manual operation. A

- downward movement of cam 296'lifts the slide 298 to close contacts29i-292 to supply power to the transformer and rectifier for operatingthis system from the keyboard oi the machine at which the cam 2% hasbeen operated.

One or the direct current output wires of the rectifier R is connectedthrough the two sets of common contacts ltd-its in parallel to all sixcode forming contacts 98, which for convenience have been designated ascan through 83F. Each oi the moveable code-forming contacts ii is connected to its associated electromagnet M2, and likewise these contactsand magnets have been individually designated by the sums: letters Athrough E. The other side of each of the electromagnet H2 is connectedto a common wire tilt, which is in turn. connected to the other outputwire of the rectifier R. In operating any one of the machines, thedepression of a key lever will close one of the code-forming contactsthat and will subsequently close the two sets or common contacts lot-lcc.

Individual electrical resistance unit car is connected across each setor common contacts ans-'- itil. These resistances are of relatively highvalue and limit the current flow, when contacts ui-dt are closed andcontacts tilt-lot are open, I

to a value which will not cause attraction oi the armatures or theelectromagnets, and will not retain these armatures in attractedposition.

The function or these resistances 802 is to divide the total current inthe circuit between the two sets oi common contacts so that the amountoi current controlled by each set or common contacts is in proportion tothe value or the individual resistance connected thereacrcsa. The twosets of contacts lab-lit make and break the total current used inoperating the electromagncts or the system inasmuch as these contactsclose after the individual contacts have closed, and open before theindividual contacts the common wire 300 to the rectifier R at themachine where the key lever is operated.

In this manner, it will be clear that two machines may be electricallyconnected by seven wires to cause simultaneous printing at both machinesby the operation of a key lever at only one machine. Although only twomachines are shown in the system in Fig. 15, it will be clear that niorethan two machines could be interconnected electrically in the samemanner to simultaneously print the selected characters at all machines.The various 'rnachines operated in this system may be physically locatedsubstantially any distance from each other, and various types ofswitching or selecting arrangements may be employed to selectivelyoperate any one or more machines from a large group of machines.

A teletypewriting machine has thus been provided wherein the use oi anautomatically wound spring 'motor for operating the selecting andprinting mechanism permits the machine to instantly start operationwithout any preliminary conditioning operation, and no attention need begiven the machine upon stopping. In operating the machine, it will benoted that the key levers operate code forming members only, and theirmembers are arranged to prevent effective operation of more than one keylever at one time.

The code forming members operate contacts which control individualtranslator masnets all of which operate simultaneously to tripindividual selector members to initiate selection and operation or atype bar by the spring motor.

A single rotary member or roll has been provided for selecting andoperating the type bars, and during acontinuous movement oi this roll inone direction, one of the series of type bar operating links is selectedand operated and the selector members are returned to normal positionbefore the type har returns from itsoperated position. This feature oithe present invention contributes to maximum operntins sliced inaa muchas a character may be selected during the cycle or operation of the typebar previously

